北京大学拉丁语/古希腊语标准化考试

PKU STANDARDISED TESTS: LATIN AND ANCIENT GREEK

北京大学初级、中级拉丁语与古希腊语标准化考试（2025年5月）

PKU STANDARDISED TESTS: LATIN AND ANCIENT GREEK

ON ELEMENTARY AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL (May 2025)

2017年9月以来，北京大学西方古典学中心已多次成功举办初级与中级拉丁语、古希腊语标准化考试。举办这一考试的初衷是因为我们坚信熟练掌握拉丁语与古希腊语是学习和研究西方古代与中世纪历史、文学和哲学的基础，而标准化的语言考试能够使我们更好地评估和巩固这一基础。今年的标准化考试将于2025年5月在北京大学、东北师范大学（长春）、复旦大学（上海）同时进行。标准化考试面向包括港澳台地区在内的全国高校学生和青年学者。初级、中级拉丁语标准化考试将于5月10日（周六）13: 00–16: 00举行（初级、中级考试时间一致），初级、中级古希腊语标准化考试将于5月11日（周日）13: 00–16: 00举行（初级、中级考试时间一致）。更多考试细则，包括如何入校及考试地点，我们将通过考生的报名邮箱另行通知。北京大学拉丁语和古希腊语标准化考试目前不收取报名费，参加考试所产生的交通和食宿费用由考生自理。考试结束四周以后，北京大学西方古典学中心将为考生邮寄成绩证书，北京大学考生请前来我中心自取。

Since September 2017 the Centre for Classical and Medieval Studies at Peking University has been offering standardised tests in Latin and Ancient Greek on the elementary and intermediate level. Behind this move was a firm belief that the promotion of Latin and Ancient Greek among students in ancient and medieval history, literature and philosophy would be best served by the creation of a standard for assessing proficiency in these two classical languages. Eager to continue on this path, we are pleased to announce tests in Elementary and Intermediate Latin and Ancient Greek taking place in May 2025. The tests will be held at three locations: Peking University, Northeast Normal University in Changchun, and Fudan University in Shanghai. The tests are open to students and young scholars from universities across China, including those in Taiwan and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao. The tests in Elementary and Intermediate Latin are scheduled to take place on Saturday the 10th of May from 13:00 until 16:00. The tests in Elementary and Intermediate Ancient Greek are scheduled for Sunday the 11th of May from 13:00 until 16:00. Further details regarding the tests, including the procedures for entering the campuses at Peking University, Northeast Normal University and Fudan University, will be sent to those who register their participation through email.

Participants will be informed of their results by letter dispatched four weeks after the tests. Student from Peking University will need to pick up their certificates from the secretary themselves.

考试报名及邮箱 / Registration Email Address

请下载附件中的报名表，填写表中所有信息，并将报名表发送至邮箱：

latingreekpku@163.com（邮件主题：姓名-考试科目）

Please fill out all the details in the attached registration form (Excel sheet) and send this form to the following email address: latingreekpku@163.com (Email Subject: Name - Exam Subject)

报名截止日期为2025年4月17日。The deadline for registration is the 17th of April 2025.

附件：北京大学拉丁语古希腊语标准化考试报名表（点击下载）

初级拉丁语考试说明

Elementary Latin

初级拉丁语考试标准和范围 / Scope of the standardised test Elementary Latin

The Latin exam, lasting for three hours, will test the candidates’ ability to translate a short Latin text of about 180 words, taken from the works of either Julius Caesar or Cornelius Nepos, into correct English. The grades awarded to the students are: A (90–100 points—excellent), B (80–89 points—good), C (70–79 points—adequate), D (60–69 points—unsatisfactory), F (0–59 points—inadequate). Participants are allowed to consult any of the following two dictionaries: Charlton T. Lewis, Latin Dictionary for Schools (Beijing: Peking University Press, 2015) or an earlier print of this dictionary, or William Smith and John Lockwood, Chambers Murray Latin-English Dictionary (London: Chambers, 1976) or a later print. Participants are expected to be able to trace back words used in the text to their dictionary form.

考试内容涉及的拉丁基本语法 / Level of the standardised test in Elementary Latin

This exam is designed for those who are at a level that is approximately equal to that of someone having taken a Latin course for three semesters, four hours per week, and who has been reading for at least one full semester not too complex original Latin texts.

The following chart provides a list of the grammatical elements with which participants in the Elementary Latin test are expected to be familiar. Further details on these elements can be found in, e.g., Benjamin Hall Kennedy, The Revised Latin Primer (London: Longman, 1962).

Grammatical Elements

Elementary Level

Forms ----Nouns: all declensions ----Adjectives: all declensions, including those that have -ius and -i in genitive and dative singular; comparison of adjectives (comparative and superlative degree adjectives) ----Adverbs, including the comparison of adverbs ----Verbs: all conjugations Finite verbs: present, future, imperfect, perfect, future-perfect, pluperfect tenses; indicative, subjunctive and imperative mood (excluding the future imperative); active and passive voice, including deponent and semi-deponent verbs Infinitives: present, perfect, future infinitives active and passive (excluding the future infinitive passive, e.g., amatum iri) Participles: present active, perfect passive, future active ----Sum, possum, fero, eo, fio, volo, malo, nolo: all indicative, subjunctive and imperative forms (excluding future imperative); present, perfect, future infinitives (excluding future infinitive passive); all participles and voices (where applicable) ----Gerund and gerundive ----Declension of demonstrative pronouns hic, ille, iste, is, idem ----Declension of personal pronouns ego, tu, nos, vos ----Declension of reflexive pronoun se; possessive pronouns; and intensive pronoun ipse ----Declension of interrogative pronoun (quis/quid), interrogative adjective (qui, quae, quod), relative pronoun (qui, quae, quod) and all other compound pronouns Syntax ----Nominative, vocative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative and locative cases and their functions as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §200–283 ----Passive construction of transitive verbs ----Ablative absolute and other participial phrases ----Gerundive and its uses (as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §379–384); the gerund and its uses (as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §374–378) ----Indirect Statement: Accusative with Infinitive constructions (without depending subordinate clauses) ----Subjunctive in main clauses: iussive and exhortatory subjunctive ----Indicative in subordinate clauses ----Subjunctive in subordinate clauses: purpose clause (with ut and ne) result clause (with ut and ut… non) cum-clauses (circumstantial, causal, adversative, concessive) iussive noun-clause (with ut and ne) conditional clauses (all types, as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §437–440) relative clause of characteristic fear-clauses ----Historical present ----Principle of the sequence of tenses ----Num, nonne, -ne used to introduce direct questions

中级拉丁语考试说明

Intermediate Latin

中级拉丁语考试标准和范围 / Scope of the standardised test Intermediate Latin

The Latin exam, lasting for three hours, will test the candidates’ ability to translate a Latin text of about 180 words, taken from Sallust’s works or Cicero’s In Verrem (including the Divinatio in Caecilium), In Catilinam or Philippicae into correct English. The grades awarded to the students are: A (90–100 points—excellent), B (80–89 points—good), C (70–79 points—adequate), D (60–69 points—unsatisfactory), F (0–59 points—inadequate). Participants are allowed to consult any of the following two dictionaries: Charlton T. Lewis, Latin Dictionary for Schools (Beijing: Peking University Press, 2015) or an earlier print of this dictionary, or William Smith and John Lockwood, Chambers Murray Latin-English Dictionary (London: Chambers, 1976) or a later print. Participants are expected to be able to trace back words used in the text to their dictionary form.

考试内容涉及的拉丁基本语法 / Level of the standardised test in Intermediate Latin

This exam is designed for those who are at a level that is approximately equal to that of someone having taken a Latin course for five semesters, four hours per week, of which three semesters were devoted to reading original Latin texts. Candidates on the intermediate level possess the skills to read original Latin of a certain complexity in vocabulary, grammar and syntax.

The following chart provides a list of the grammatical elements for the Intermediate level (in addition to those of the Elementary level; for this, see chart of “Grammatical Elements” required for Elementary level) with which participants in the Intermediate Latin test are expected to be familiar. Further details on these elements can be found in, e.g., Benjamin Hall Kennedy, The Revised Latin Primer (London: Longman, 1962).

Grammatical Elements

Intermediate Level

Apart from the requirements for the Elementary Level, the following elements: Forms ----Declension of Greek nouns ----Supines in -um and -u ----Future imperative ----Variant forms of the accusative plural 3rd declension nouns and adjective, masculine and feminine (-is instead of -es); second person singular passive endings in -re; contracted perfect forms (e.g., rogaris instead of rogaveris); perfect indicative active third person plural in -ēre; future infinitive of esse in fore/futurum esse ----Future infinitive passive (e.g., amatum iri) Syntax ----Rules of agreement in the case of a composite subject and predicate, as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §198–199 ----Sentences connected by the connective relative pronoun ----Passive construction of intransitive verbs ----Subjunctive in main clauses (as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §355–359): concessive use of the subjunctive subjunctive used to indicate something that ought to be done (including the deliberative subjunctive) the subjunctive of desire potential subjunctive ----Subjunctive in subordinate clauses: noun-clauses introduced by ut that function as the subject of impersonal verbs or verbs of fact and occurrence, or as the direct object of facio and its compound forms (such as explained, for example, in Kennedy 1962, §415a); in subject or direct object noun-clauses introduced by quin indirect commands or prohibitions indirect wishes indirect questions adverbial clauses introduced by quod, quia, quoniam or quando to introduce a subjective or supposed reason temporal clauses introduced by dum, donec, quoad, antequam or priusquam clauses of proviso introduced by dum, dummodo, modo subordinate clauses in indirect speech (oratio obliqua) relative clauses indicating purpose, result and cause ----Historic infinitive ----Periphrastic constructions ----num and -ne used to introduce indirect questions

初级古希腊语考试说明

Elementary Greek

初级古希腊语考试标准和范围 / Scope of the standardised test Elementary Greek

The Greek exam, lasting for three hours, will test the candidates’ ability to translate a short Greek text of about 190 words, taken from early Plato or Xenophon’s Socratic writings into correct English. The grades awarded to the students are: A (90–100 points—excellent), B (80–89 points—good), C (70–79 points—adequate), D (60–69 points—unsatisfactory), F (0–59 points—inadequate). Participants are allowed to consult the following dictionary: H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon (Beijing: Peking University Press, 2015) or a different print of this dictionary. Participants are expected to be able to trace back words used in the text to their dictionary form.

考试内容涉及的古希腊语基本语法 / Level of the standardised test in Elementary Greek

This exam is designed for those who are at a level that is approximately equal to someone having taken a Greek course for three semesters, four hours per week, and who are reading not too complex original Greek texts.

The following chart provides a list of the grammatical elements with which participants in the Elementary Greek test are expected to be familiar. Further details on these elements can be found in J. Morwood, Oxford Grammar of Classical Greek (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003) cited with page numbers.

Grammatical Elements

Elementary Level

Forms ----Articles (Morwood, pp.122–127) ----Nouns: all declensions (Morwood, pp.10–31) ----Adjectives: all declensions; comparative and superlative degree adjectives (Morwood, pp.32–44) ----Adverbs including the comparison of adverbs (Morwood, p.45) ----Verbs: all conjugations; irregular forms (Morwood, pp.60–121) Finite verbs: present, future, imperfect, perfect, aorist, pluperfect tenses; indicative, subjunctive, optative and imperative mood; active, passive and middle voice Infinitives Participles ----Pronouns: personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, possessive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, and all other compound pronouns (Morwood, pp.144–151) Syntax ----Cases: nominative, vocative, genitive, dative, accusative cases and their functions (Morwood, pp. 10–24) ----Prepositions (Morwood, pp. 56–59) ----Impersonal construction (Morwood, pp. 190–191) ----Participle; genitive absolute; accusative absolute (Morwood, pp. 136–142) ----Verbal adjectives (Morwood, pp.193–194) ----Subordinate clauses: Purpose clauses (Morwood, pp.174–175) Causal clauses (Morwood, p.172) Result clauses (Morwood, pp.177–179) Conditional clauses (Morwood, pp.183–189) Time clauses (Morwood, pp.197–199) Relative clauses (Morwood, pp.127–129) ----Indirect discourse (Morwood, pp.154–160) ----Interrogative sentences (Morwood, pp.161–166) ----Commands, exhortations and wishes (Morwood, pp.168–171) ----Verbs of preventing, hindering and denying (Morwood, pp.201–202) ----Negative sentences (Morwood, pp.204–206) ----Particles (Morwood, pp.207–212)

中级古希腊语考试说明

Intermediate Greek

中级古希腊语考试标准和范围 / Scope of the standardised test Intermediate Greek

The Greek exam, lasting for three hours, will test the candidates’ ability to translate a short Greek text of about 190 words, taken from early or middle Plato, Herodotus or Isocrates into correct English. The grades awarded to the students are: A (90–100 points—excellent), B (80–89 points—good), C (70–79 points—adequate), D (60–69 points—unsatisfactory), F (0–59 points—inadequate). Participants are allowed to consult the following dictionary: H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon (Beijing: Peking University Press, 2015) or a different print of this dictionary. Participants are expected to be able to trace back words used in the text to their dictionary form.

考试内容涉及的古希腊语基本语法 / Level of the standardised test in Intermediate Greek

This exam is designed for those who are at a level that is approximately equal to someone having taken a Greek course for five semesters, four hours per week, and who are able to read original Greek texts that contain a certain number of complexities in vocabulary, grammar and syntax.

The following chart provides a list of the grammatical elements with which participants in the Intermediate Greek test are expected to be familiar (in addition to those of the Elementary level; for this, see chart “Grammatical Elements” in the Elementary level, above). Further details on these elements can be found in Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar (Cambridge [MA]: Harvard University Press, 1956).

Grammatical Elements

Intermediate Level

Apart from the requirements for the Elementary Level, the following syntactic elements: Syntax ----Moods in simple sentences with/without ἄν (Smyth, §1770–1849) ----Tenses of the indicative (conative present, historical present, inchoative imperfect, deliberative future, ingressive aorist, perfect with present meaning) (Smyth, §1875–1958) and periphrastic tenses (Smyth, §1959–1965) ----Infinitive (infinitive of purpose and result, absolute infinitive, articular infinitive) (Smyth, §1966–2038) ----Participle (attributive, circumstantial, supplementary) (Smyth, §2039–2122) ----Verbs taking either the participle or the infinitive (Smyth, §2123–2145) ----Subordinate clauses: Purpose clauses (Smyth, §2193–2206) Object clauses (Smyth, §2207–2239) Causal clauses (Smyth, §2240–2248) Result clauses (Smyth, §2249–2279) Conditional clauses (Smyth, §2280–2368) Concessive clauses (Smyth, §2369–2382) Time clauses (Smyth, §2383–2461) Clauses of comparison (Smyth, §2462–2487) Relative clauses (Smyth, §2488–2573) Dependent substantive clauses (Smyth, §2574–2635) ----Interrogative sentences (Smyth, §2636–2680) ----Exclamatory sentences (Smyth, §2681–2687) ----Negative sentences (Smyth, §2688–2768) ----Particles (Smyth, §2769–3003)